OH Group Replacement Reactions
(a) Esterification: carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of conc. H2SO4 to form esters.
This reaction is reversible. In order to shift the equilibrium in forward direction water is removed as soon as it formed.
(b) Formation of Acid Amides: on treatment with ammonia, ammonium salts are formed which heating result in the formation of acid amides.
(c) Formation of acid anhydrides: carboxylic acids react with PCl5 or SOCl2 (thinoyl chloride) in pyridine to form acid chlorides.
(d) Formation of acid anhydrides: carboxylic acids on treatment with phosphorus pentaoxide form anhydrides by elimination of a water molecule from two molecules of the carboxylic acid is:
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